Kusukela ekuqaleni kwe-Neolithic, abantu banamarekhodi okusebenzisa amalahle, okungenye yemithombo ebalulekile yamandla ekuthuthukiseni umphakathi wesintu.
Izimayini zamalahle ezihamba phambili ezingu-10 emhlabeni
Ngenxa yentengo yayo yezomnotho, izinqolobane eziningi kanye nenani elibalulekile, amazwe emhlabeni wonke abheka ukubaluleka okukhulu kwemithombo yamalahle.I-United States, i-China, iRussia ne-Australia wonke amazwe anezimayini zamalahle.
Izimayini zamalahle ezihamba phambili ezingu-10 emhlabeni
Kunezimayini zamalahle eziyishumi ezinkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni.Ake sizibheke.
No. 10
I-Saraji / Australia
Imayini yamalahle iSaraji itholakala eBowen Basin enkabeni yeQueensland, e-Australia.Kulinganiselwa ukuthi imayini inezinsiza zamalahle ezingamathani ayizigidi ezingama-502, okuyimathani ayizigidi ezingama-442 afakazelwe kanye namathani ayizigidi ezingama-60 (ngoJuni 2019).Imayini yomgodi ovulekile iphethwe futhi isetshenziswa yi-BHP Billiton Mitsubishi Alliance (BMA) futhi ibilokhu ikhiqizwa kusukela ngo-1974. Imayini yaseSaraji ikhiqize amathani ayizigidi ezingu-10.1 ngo-2018 kanye namathani ayizigidi ezingu-9.7 ngo-2019.
Izimayini zamalahle ezihamba phambili ezingu-10 emhlabeni
No. 09
Goonyella Riverside / Australia
Imayini yamalahle iGoonyella Riverside itholakala eBowen Basin maphakathi neQueensland, e-Australia.Kulinganiselwa ukuthi imayini inezinsiza zamalahle ezingamathani ayizigidi ezingama-549, kuwo ayizigidi ezingama-530 amathani asefakazelwe kanye namathani ayizigidi eziyi-19 (ngoJuni 2019).Imayini yomgodi ovulekile iphethwe futhi iqhutshwa yi-BHP Billiton Mitsubishi Alliance (BMA).Imayini ye-Goonyella yaqala ukukhiqizwa ngo-1971 futhi yahlanganiswa nemayini engomakhelwane yaseRiverside ngo-1989. I-Goonyella Riverside yakhiqiza amathani ayizigidi ezingu-15.8 ngo-2018 kanye namathani ayizigidi ezingu-17.1 ngo-2019. I-BMA yasebenzisa ezokuthutha ezizenzakalelayo e-Goonyella Riverside ngo-2019.
Izimayini zamalahle ezihamba phambili ezingu-10 emhlabeni
No. 08
I-Mt Arthur/ Australia
Imayini yamalahle iMt Arthur itholakala esifundeni saseHunter Valley eNew South Wales, e-Australia.Kulinganiselwa ukuthi imayini inezinsiza zamalahle ezingamathani ayizigidi ezingama-591, okuyimathani ayizigidi ezingama-292 afakazelwe kanye namathani ayizigidi ezingama-299 (ngoJuni 2019).Imayini iphethwe futhi isetshenziswa ngabakwa-BHP Billiton futhi ikakhulukazi inezimayini ezimbili zemigodi evulekile, iNorthern kanye neSouthern open pit Mines.I-Mt Arthur isimbe imithungo yamalahle engaphezu kuka-20.Imisebenzi yezimayini yaqala ngo-1968 futhi ikhiqiza amathani angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-18 ngonyaka.Imayini ilinganiselwa eminyakeni engama-35 ubudala.
Izimayini zamalahle ezihamba phambili ezingu-10 emhlabeni
No. 07
I-Peak Downs / Australia
Imayini yamalahle iPeak Downs itholakala eBowen Basin enkabeni yeQueensland, e-Australia.Kulinganiselwa ukuthi imayini inezinsiza zamalahle ezingamathani ayizigidi ezingama-718 (Juni 2019).IPeak Downs iphethwe futhi iqhutshwa yi-BHP Billiton Mitsubishi Alliance (BMA).Imayini iyimayini yomgodi ovulekile eyaqala ukukhiqizwa ngo-1972 futhi yakhiqiza amathani angaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-11.8 ngo-2019. Amalahle asuka kule mayini athunyelwa ngesitimela ukuya eCape Coal Terminal eduze kwaseMackay.
Izimayini zamalahle ezihamba phambili ezingu-10 emhlabeni
No. 06
Ukuduma Okumnyama/e-United States
I-Black Thunder Mine iyimayini yamalahle engamahektha angu-35,700 etholakala ePowder River Basin yase-Wyoming.Imayini iphethwe futhi iphethwe yi-Arch Coal.Kulinganiselwa ukuthi imayini inemithombo yamalahle engamathani ayizigidi ezingama-816.5 (ngoZibandlela wezi-2018).Indawo yezimayini evulekile inezindawo zezimayini eziyisikhombisa kanye nezindawo zokulayisha ezintathu.Ukukhiqizwa bekungamathani ayizigidi ezingama-71.1 ngo-2018 kanye namathani ayizigidi ezingama-70.5 ngo-2017. Amalahle aluhlaza akhiqizwayo athuthwa ngqo kuloliwe wase-Burlington Northern Santa Fe kanye no-Union Pacific.
Izimayini zamalahle ezihamba phambili ezingu-10 emhlabeni
No. 05
Moatize/ Mozambique
Imayini iMoatize itholakala esifundazweni saseTete eMozambique.Imayini inomthombo wamalahle olinganiselwa ku-985.7 million tonnes (Kusukela ngoDisemba 2018) iMoatize isetshenziswa inkampani yezimayini yaseBrazil i-Vale, enenzalo engama-80.75% emayini.IMitsui (14.25%) kanye neMozambican Mining (5%) ibambe inzalo esele.I-Moatize iphrojekthi yokuqala ka-Vale endaweni eluhlaza e-Afrika.Imvume yokwakha nokusebenzisa imayini yakhishwa ngo-2006. Imayini yomgodi ovulekile yaqala ukusebenza ngo-Agasti 2011 futhi inomphumela wonyaka wamathani ayizigidi eziyi-11.5.
Izimayini zamalahle ezihamba phambili ezingu-10 emhlabeni
No. 04
Raspadskaya/Russia
I-Raspadskaya, etholakala esifundeni sase-Kemerovo e-Russian Federation, iyimayini yamalahle enkulu kunazo zonke eRussia.Kulinganiselwa ukuthi imayini inemithombo yamalahle engamathani ayizigidigidi eziyi-1.34 (ngoZibandlela wezi-2018).I-Raspadskaya Coal Mine inezimayini ezimbili ezingaphansi komhlaba, i-Raspadskaya ne-MuK-96, kanye nemayini yomgodi ovulekile ebizwa ngokuthi i-Razrez Raspadsky.Imayini iphethwe futhi iqhutshwa yiRaspadskaya Coal Company.Imayini ye-Raspadskaya yaqala ngasekupheleni kwawo-1970.Ukukhiqizwa okuphelele bekungamathani ayizigidi eziyi-12.7 ngo-2018 kanye namathani ayizigidi eziyi-11.4 ngo-2017.
Izimayini zamalahle ezihamba phambili ezingu-10 emhlabeni
No. 03
I-Heidaigou/China
Imayini yamalahle i-Heidaigou imayini yomgodi ovulekile ephakathi nendawo ye-Zhungeer Coalfield e-China's Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.Le mayini ilinganiselwa ku-1.5 billion wamathani ezinsiza zamalahle.Indawo yezimayini itholakala kumakhilomitha ayi-150 eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeDolobha lase-Ordos, nendawo yezimayini ehleliwe engamakhilomitha-skwele angama-42.36.I-Shenhua Group ingumnikazi futhi iqhuba imayini.I-Heidaigou ibikhiqiza i-sulphur ephansi kanye namalahle e-phosphorus aphansi kusukela ngo-1999. Imayini inomphumela wonyaka wamathani angama-29m futhi inyuke ngamathani angaphezu kwama-31m.
Izimayini zamalahle ezihamba phambili ezingu-10 emhlabeni
No. 02
I-Hal Usu/China
Imayini yamalahle i-Haerwusu itholakala maphakathi nenkundla yamalahle iZhungeer eDolobheni lase-Ordos, I-Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region yaseChina.Imayini yamalahle i-Haerwusu iwukhiye wokwakhiwa kwemayini yamalahle enkulukazi ngesikhathi “soHlelo Lweminyaka Emihlanu Lweminyaka Eyi-11” e-China, enamandla okuklama okuqala angamathani ayizigidi ezingama-20 ngonyaka.Ngemuva kokwandiswa komthamo kanye noshintsho, umthamo wamanje wokukhiqiza usufinyelele amathani ayizigidi ezingama-35 ngonyaka.Indawo yezimayini icishe ibe ngamakhilomitha-skwele angama-61.43, inemithombo yamalahle eqinisekisiwe engamathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1.7 (2020), ephethwe futhi iqhutshwa yiShenhua Group.
Izimayini zamalahle ezihamba phambili ezingu-10 emhlabeni
Inombolo 01
North Antelope Rochelle/ USA
Imayini yamalahle enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni imayini yaseNorth Antelope Rochelle esePowder River Basin of Wyoming.Imayini ilinganiselwa ukuthi iqukethe amathani angaphezu kwezigidigidi eziyi-1.7 wezinsiza zamalahle (ngoZibandlela wezi-2018).Iphethwe futhi isetshenziswa yiPeabody Energy, iyimayini yomgodi ovulekile ehlanganisa imigodi emithathu yezimayini.Imayini yaseNorth Antelope Rochelle ikhiqize amathani ayizigidi ezingu-98.4 ngo-2018 kanye namathani ayizigidi ezingu-101.5 ngo-2017. Imayini ibhekwa njengamalahle ahlanzekile kunazo zonke e-United States.
Izimayini zamalahle ezihamba phambili ezingu-10 emhlabeni.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-27-2021
